See בבל on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "bāḇel",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ܒܒܠ",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Syriac"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "proper nouns",
"g": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "bāḇel"
},
"expansion": "בבל • (bāḇel)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "bāḇel"
},
"expansion": "בבל • (bāḇel)",
"name": "arc-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Aramaic",
"lang_code": "arc",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Aramaic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "arc",
"name": "Ancient Near East",
"orig": "arc:Ancient Near East",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "arc",
"name": "Ancient settlements",
"orig": "arc:Ancient settlements",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "arc",
"name": "Babylonia",
"orig": "arc:Babylonia",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "arc",
"name": "Former capitals",
"orig": "arc:Former capitals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "arc",
"name": "Places in Iraq",
"orig": "arc:Places in Iraq",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
58,
63
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
68,
75
]
],
"english": "At the end of twelve months he was walking upon the royal palace of Babylon.",
"ref": "Tanach, Daniel [[s:he:T3404#ד_כו|4:26]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:",
"roman": "liqṣāṯ yarḥīn tərē-ʿăśar ʿal-hēḵal malḵūṯā dī ḇāḇel məhallēḵ hăwā.",
"text": "לִקְצָת יַרְחִין תְּרֵי־עֲשַׂר עַל־הֵיכַל מַלְכוּתָא דִּי בָבֶל מְהַלֵּךְ הֲוָה׃",
"translation": "At the end of twelve months he was walking upon the royal palace of Babylon.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Babylon (an ancient city, the ancient capital of Babylonia in modern Iraq, built on the banks of the Euphrates)"
],
"id": "en-בבל-arc-name-Y7TjqhyL",
"links": [
[
"Babylon",
"Babylon#English:_Q5684"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Babylonia",
"Babylonia#English"
],
[
"Iraq",
"Iraq#English"
],
[
"Euphrates",
"Euphrates"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Babylon (an ancient city, the ancient capital of Babylonia in modern Iraq, built on the banks of the Euphrates)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"word": "בבל"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": ":der",
"3": "akk:Bābilim<alt:𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "akk",
"3": "Bābilim",
"4": "𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠",
"tr": "Bābilim"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 (Bābilim)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Akkadian 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 (Bābilim); in Genesis associated with the idea of confusion.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "בָּבֶל",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "bavél",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "bɔḇɛl",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"head": "בָּבֶל",
"tr": "bavél, bɔḇɛl"
},
"expansion": "בָּבֶל • (bavél, bɔḇɛl) f",
"name": "he-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hebrew entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hebrew entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "he",
"name": "Ancient Near East",
"orig": "he:Ancient Near East",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "he",
"name": "Ancient settlements",
"orig": "he:Ancient settlements",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "he",
"name": "Babylonia",
"orig": "he:Babylonia",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "he",
"name": "Former capitals",
"orig": "he:Former capitals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "he",
"name": "Places in Iraq",
"orig": "he:Places in Iraq",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "bavlí, bɔḇli",
"word": "בָּבְלִי"
},
{
"roman": "Migdal Bavel",
"word": "מִגְדַּל בָּבֶל"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
33
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
36,
48
]
],
"english": "And the king of Assyria brought men from Babylon, and from Cuthah, and from Avva, and from Hamath and Sepharvaim, and placed them in the cities of Samaria instead of the children of Israel; and they possessed Samaria, and dwelt in the cities thereof.",
"ref": "Tanach, 2 Kings [[s:he:T09b17#יז_כד|17:24]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:",
"roman": "vayavé mélekh-'ashúr mibavél umikúta ume'avá umekhamát us'farváyim vayóshev b'aréi shom'rón tákhat b'néi yisra'él vayir'shú 'et-shom'rón vayesh'vú b'aréha.\nwayyāḇē meleḵ-ʾaššūr mibbāḇel ūmikkū́ṯā ūmēʿawwā ūmēḥămāṯ ūsəp̄arwáyim wayyṓšeḇ bəʿārē šōmərōn táḥaṯ bənē yiśrāʾēl wayyīrəšū ʾeṯ-šōmərōn wayyēšəḇū bəʿāréhā.",
"text": "וַיָּבֵא מֶלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר מִבָּבֶל וּמִכּוּתָה וּמֵעַוָּא וּמֵחֲמָת וּסְפַרְוַיִם וַיֹּשֶׁב בְּעָרֵי שֹׁמְרוֹן תַּחַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיִּרְשׁוּ אֶת־שֹׁמְרוֹן וַיֵּשְׁבוּ בְּעָרֶיהָ׃",
"translation": "And the king of Assyria brought men from Babylon, and from Cuthah, and from Avva, and from Hamath and Sepharvaim, and placed them in the cities of Samaria instead of the children of Israel; and they possessed Samaria, and dwelt in the cities thereof.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Babylon (an ancient city, the ancient capital of Babylonia in modern Iraq, built on the banks of the Euphrates)"
],
"id": "en-בבל-he-name-Y7TjqhyL",
"links": [
[
"Babylon",
"Babylon#English:_Q5684"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Babylonia",
"Babylonia#English"
],
[
"Iraq",
"Iraq#English"
],
[
"Euphrates",
"Euphrates"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Babylon (an ancient city, the ancient capital of Babylonia in modern Iraq, built on the banks of the Euphrates)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/baːˈbɛːl/",
"tags": [
"Biblical-Hebrew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[baːˈβɛːl]",
"tags": [
"Biblical-Hebrew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɔːˈvɛl/ [bɔːˈvɛːl]",
"tags": [
"Tiberian-Hebrew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɔˈval/ [bɔːˈvæːl]",
"tags": [
"Yemenite-Hebrew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/baˈbel/",
"note": "Sephardi Hebrew"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɔˈvɛl/",
"tags": [
"Ashkenazi-Hebrew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/baˈvel/",
"tags": [
"Modern-Israeli-Hebrew"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9288 (heb)-YaronSh-בבל.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/LL-Q9288_%28heb%29-YaronSh-%D7%91%D7%91%D7%9C.wav/LL-Q9288_%28heb%29-YaronSh-%D7%91%D7%91%D7%9C.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/LL-Q9288_%28heb%29-YaronSh-%D7%91%D7%91%D7%9C.wav/LL-Q9288_%28heb%29-YaronSh-%D7%91%D7%91%D7%9C.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-el"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"word": "בבל"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "bāḇel",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ܒܒܠ",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Syriac"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "proper nouns",
"g": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "bāḇel"
},
"expansion": "בבל • (bāḇel)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "bāḇel"
},
"expansion": "בבל • (bāḇel)",
"name": "arc-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Aramaic",
"lang_code": "arc",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Aramaic entries with incorrect language header",
"Aramaic lemmas",
"Aramaic proper nouns",
"Aramaic terms with historical senses",
"Aramaic terms with quotations",
"Hebrew terms with quotations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"arc:Ancient Near East",
"arc:Ancient settlements",
"arc:Babylonia",
"arc:Former capitals",
"arc:Places in Iraq"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
58,
63
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
68,
75
]
],
"english": "At the end of twelve months he was walking upon the royal palace of Babylon.",
"ref": "Tanach, Daniel [[s:he:T3404#ד_כו|4:26]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:",
"roman": "liqṣāṯ yarḥīn tərē-ʿăśar ʿal-hēḵal malḵūṯā dī ḇāḇel məhallēḵ hăwā.",
"text": "לִקְצָת יַרְחִין תְּרֵי־עֲשַׂר עַל־הֵיכַל מַלְכוּתָא דִּי בָבֶל מְהַלֵּךְ הֲוָה׃",
"translation": "At the end of twelve months he was walking upon the royal palace of Babylon.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Babylon (an ancient city, the ancient capital of Babylonia in modern Iraq, built on the banks of the Euphrates)"
],
"links": [
[
"Babylon",
"Babylon#English:_Q5684"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Babylonia",
"Babylonia#English"
],
[
"Iraq",
"Iraq#English"
],
[
"Euphrates",
"Euphrates"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Babylon (an ancient city, the ancient capital of Babylonia in modern Iraq, built on the banks of the Euphrates)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"word": "בבל"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "bavlí, bɔḇli",
"word": "בָּבְלִי"
},
{
"roman": "Migdal Bavel",
"word": "מִגְדַּל בָּבֶל"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": ":der",
"3": "akk:Bābilim<alt:𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "akk",
"3": "Bābilim",
"4": "𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠",
"tr": "Bābilim"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 (Bābilim)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Akkadian 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 (Bābilim); in Genesis associated with the idea of confusion.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "בָּבֶל",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "bavél",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "bɔḇɛl",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"head": "בָּבֶל",
"tr": "bavél, bɔḇɛl"
},
"expansion": "בָּבֶל • (bavél, bɔḇɛl) f",
"name": "he-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hebrew entries referencing missing etymons",
"Hebrew entries with incorrect language header",
"Hebrew feminine nouns",
"Hebrew lemmas",
"Hebrew proper nouns",
"Hebrew terms derived from Akkadian",
"Hebrew terms with historical senses",
"Hebrew terms with quotations",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Hebrew/el",
"Rhymes:Hebrew/el/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Hebrew/ɛl",
"Rhymes:Hebrew/ɛl/2 syllables",
"he:Ancient Near East",
"he:Ancient settlements",
"he:Babylonia",
"he:Former capitals",
"he:Places in Iraq"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
33
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
36,
48
]
],
"english": "And the king of Assyria brought men from Babylon, and from Cuthah, and from Avva, and from Hamath and Sepharvaim, and placed them in the cities of Samaria instead of the children of Israel; and they possessed Samaria, and dwelt in the cities thereof.",
"ref": "Tanach, 2 Kings [[s:he:T09b17#יז_כד|17:24]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:",
"roman": "vayavé mélekh-'ashúr mibavél umikúta ume'avá umekhamát us'farváyim vayóshev b'aréi shom'rón tákhat b'néi yisra'él vayir'shú 'et-shom'rón vayesh'vú b'aréha.\nwayyāḇē meleḵ-ʾaššūr mibbāḇel ūmikkū́ṯā ūmēʿawwā ūmēḥămāṯ ūsəp̄arwáyim wayyṓšeḇ bəʿārē šōmərōn táḥaṯ bənē yiśrāʾēl wayyīrəšū ʾeṯ-šōmərōn wayyēšəḇū bəʿāréhā.",
"text": "וַיָּבֵא מֶלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר מִבָּבֶל וּמִכּוּתָה וּמֵעַוָּא וּמֵחֲמָת וּסְפַרְוַיִם וַיֹּשֶׁב בְּעָרֵי שֹׁמְרוֹן תַּחַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיִּרְשׁוּ אֶת־שֹׁמְרוֹן וַיֵּשְׁבוּ בְּעָרֶיהָ׃",
"translation": "And the king of Assyria brought men from Babylon, and from Cuthah, and from Avva, and from Hamath and Sepharvaim, and placed them in the cities of Samaria instead of the children of Israel; and they possessed Samaria, and dwelt in the cities thereof.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Babylon (an ancient city, the ancient capital of Babylonia in modern Iraq, built on the banks of the Euphrates)"
],
"links": [
[
"Babylon",
"Babylon#English:_Q5684"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Babylonia",
"Babylonia#English"
],
[
"Iraq",
"Iraq#English"
],
[
"Euphrates",
"Euphrates"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Babylon (an ancient city, the ancient capital of Babylonia in modern Iraq, built on the banks of the Euphrates)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/baːˈbɛːl/",
"tags": [
"Biblical-Hebrew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[baːˈβɛːl]",
"tags": [
"Biblical-Hebrew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɔːˈvɛl/ [bɔːˈvɛːl]",
"tags": [
"Tiberian-Hebrew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɔˈval/ [bɔːˈvæːl]",
"tags": [
"Yemenite-Hebrew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/baˈbel/",
"note": "Sephardi Hebrew"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɔˈvɛl/",
"tags": [
"Ashkenazi-Hebrew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/baˈvel/",
"tags": [
"Modern-Israeli-Hebrew"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9288 (heb)-YaronSh-בבל.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/LL-Q9288_%28heb%29-YaronSh-%D7%91%D7%91%D7%9C.wav/LL-Q9288_%28heb%29-YaronSh-%D7%91%D7%91%D7%9C.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/LL-Q9288_%28heb%29-YaronSh-%D7%91%D7%91%D7%9C.wav/LL-Q9288_%28heb%29-YaronSh-%D7%91%D7%91%D7%9C.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-el"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"word": "בבל"
}
Download raw JSONL data for בבל meaning in All languages combined (6.4kB)
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"בבל",
"Template:IPA",
"Template:no deprecated lang param usage",
"ARGVAL-1",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:IPA/templates:IPA()"
],
"section": "Hebrew",
"subsection": "",
"title": "בבל",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 133478971<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 01 May 2026 09:45:55 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"בבל",
"Template:IPA",
"Template:no deprecated lang param usage",
"ARGVAL-1",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:IPA/templates:IPA()"
],
"section": "Hebrew",
"subsection": "",
"title": "בבל",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 135371882<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 01 May 2026 09:46:50 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"בבל",
"Template:IPA",
"Template:no deprecated lang param usage",
"ARGVAL-1",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:IPA/templates:IPA()"
],
"section": "Hebrew",
"subsection": "",
"title": "בבל",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 144083977<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 01 May 2026 09:47:45 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"בבל",
"Template:IPA",
"Template:no deprecated lang param usage",
"ARGVAL-1",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:IPA/templates:IPA()"
],
"section": "Hebrew",
"subsection": "",
"title": "בבל",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 146802649<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 01 May 2026 09:48:40 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"בבל",
"Template:IPA",
"Template:no deprecated lang param usage",
"ARGVAL-1",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:IPA/templates:IPA()"
],
"section": "Hebrew",
"subsection": "",
"title": "בבל",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 142709450<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 01 May 2026 09:49:36 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"בבל",
"Template:IPA",
"Template:no deprecated lang param usage",
"ARGVAL-1",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:IPA/templates:IPA()"
],
"section": "Hebrew",
"subsection": "",
"title": "בבל",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 147492116<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 01 May 2026 09:50:31 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"בבל",
"Template:IPA",
"Template:no deprecated lang param usage",
"ARGVAL-1",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:IPA/templates:IPA()"
],
"section": "Hebrew",
"subsection": "",
"title": "בבל",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 104983865<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 01 May 2026 09:51:26 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"בבל",
"Template:IPA",
"Template:no deprecated lang param usage",
"ARGVAL-1",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:IPA/templates:IPA()"
],
"section": "Hebrew",
"subsection": "",
"title": "בבל",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 150439540<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 01 May 2026 09:52:21 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"בבל",
"Template:IPA",
"Template:no deprecated lang param usage",
"ARGVAL-1",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:IPA/templates:IPA()"
],
"section": "Hebrew",
"subsection": "",
"title": "בבל",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 153780994<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 01 May 2026 09:53:16 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"בבל",
"Template:IPA",
"Template:no deprecated lang param usage",
"ARGVAL-1",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:IPA/templates:IPA()"
],
"section": "Hebrew",
"subsection": "",
"title": "בבל",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 139815923<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 01 May 2026 09:54:12 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-04-01 using wiktextract (4d423fd and 9452535). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.